---
title: "News from the International Comparable Corpus"
subtitle: "First launch of ICC written"
date: "`r Sys.Date()`"
author:
    - name: Marc Kupietz
      affil: 1
    - name: Adrien Barbaresi
      affil: 2
    - name: Anna Čermáková
      affil: 3
    - name: Małgorzata Czachor
      affil: 4
    - name: Nils Diewald
      affil: 1
    - name: Jarle Ebeling
      affil: 5
    - name: Rafał L. Górski
      affil: 4
    - name: John Kirk
      affil: 6
    - name: Michal Křen
      affil: 3
    - name: Harald Lüngen
      affil: 1
    - name: Eliza Margaretha
      affil: 1
    - name: Signe Oksefjell Ebeling
      affil: 5
    - name: Mícheál Ó Meachair
      affil: 7
    - name: Ines Pisetta
      affil: 1
    - name: Elaine Uí Dhonnchadha
      affil: 8
    - name: Friedemann Vogel
      affil: 9
    - name: Rebecca Wilm
      affil: 1
    - name: Jiajin Xu
      affil: 10
    - name: Rameela Yaddehige
      affil: 1
affiliation:
  - num: 1
    address: IDS Mannheim
  - num: 2
    address: BBAW Berlin
  - num: 3
    address: Charles University
  - num: 4
    address: Polish Academy of Sciences
  - num: 5
    address: University of Oslo
  - num: 6
    address: University of Vienna
  - num: 7
    address: Dublin City University
  - num: 8
    address: Trinity College Dublin
  - num: 9
    address: University of Siegen
  - num: 10
    address: Beijing Foreign Studies University


logoleft_name: "../Figures/ICC_COL.svg"
author_textsize: "32pt"

contact:
  email: icc@ids-manneim.de
  website: https://www.ids-mannheim.de/digspra/kl
  qrlink: >
    `r posterdown::qrlink("https://korap.ids-mannheim.de/instance/icc", "icc-logo-whitebg.svg")`

output:
  posterdown::posterdown_ids:
        self_contained: false
        keep_md: true

bibliography: ../tex/references.bib
csl: "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ICLC-10/Zotero/master/styles/ICLC-10.csl"
---

```{r setup, include=FALSE, echo=FALSE, warning=FALSE}
knitr::opts_chunk$set(dev = 'svg', echo = FALSE, message = FALSE, warnings = FALSE)
source("common.R")
```
# ICC aims & characteristics

* make available comparable corpora  of many languages for contrastive linguistic research [@kirk_ice_2017]
* mostly based on existing corpora
* small corpora with 1M words each (400K written)
* pre-defined “balanced” composition
  * inspired by the one of the ICE [@greenbaum_comparing_1996]

# Current launch of ICC written

* written parts for Chinese, Czech, English (mostly), German, Irish (partly), Norwegian publicly available
  * partially including UDPipe 2.0 annotations [@straka_udpipe_2018]
  * usable via Corpus Workbench or KorAP [@diewald_korap_2016]

```{r korap-query, fig.cap="KorAP UI for ICC-GER and ICC-NOR, showing annotation queries and layers, as well as a virtual corpus definition, based on ICC genre and publication date metadata."}
knitr::include_graphics("korap_query_ger-nor.svg")
```

## Composition of the ICC parts 

```{r composition-by-genre, fig.cap="Actual composition of selected ICC parts with respect to ICC domain. (For the other ICC parts, the ICC genre metadatum was not yet accessible via the API at the editorial deadline.)", message = FALSE, fig.width=14, fig.height=10, out.width = "100%"}
icc_genre <- icc %>%
  expand_grid(genre) %>%
  mutate(vc = paste0("iccGenre=", genre)) %>%
  rowwise() %>%
  mutate(tokens= corpusStats(icc_con(lang, token), vc = vc)@tokens)

icc_genre %>% ggplot(aes(x=lang, fill=genre, y=tokens)) +
  geom_col() + scale_y_continuous(labels = label_number(scale_cut = cut_short_scale())) +
  theme_ids(base_size = 24) +
  theme(
    axis.title.x = element_blank(),
    axis.title.y = element_text(size = rel(1.5), face = "bold"),
     axis.text = element_text(size = rel(0.70)),
    legend.title = element_text(size = rel(0.85), face = "bold"),
    legend.text = element_text(size = rel(1))) +
  scale_fill_ids() +
  geom_text(aes(label=if_else(tokens > 0, as.character(tokens), ""), y=tokens), position= position_stack(reverse = F, vjust = 0.5), color="black", size=6.2, family="Fira Sans Condensed")

```


```{r composition-by-pubdate, fig.cap="Composition of the selected ICC parts with respect to year of publication.", message=F, warning=F, fig.width=14, fig.height=3, out.width = "80%"}
year <- c(1986:2023)

icc_year <- icc %>%
  expand_grid(year) %>%
  mutate(vc = paste0("pubDate in ", year)) %>%
  rowwise() %>%
  mutate(tokens= corpusStats(icc_con(lang, token), vc = vc)@tokens)

icc_year %>% ggplot(aes(x=year, fill=lang, color=lang, y=tokens)) +
  # geom_smooth(se=F, span=0.25) +
  xlim(1990, 2023) +
  ylim(0, NA) +
  stat_smooth(
        geom = 'area', method = 'loess', span = 1/4,
        alpha = 0.1) +
  # geom_area(alpha=0.1,  position = "identity") +
  scale_fill_ids() + scale_colour_ids() + 
  scale_y_continuous(labels = label_number(scale_cut = cut_short_scale())) +
  theme_ids(base_size=24) + 
    theme(
    axis.title.x = element_text(size = rel(1.5), face = "bold"),
    axis.title.y = element_text(size = rel(1.5), face = "bold"),
     axis.text = element_text(size = rel(1)),
    legend.title = element_text(size = rel(1), face = "bold"),
    legend.text = element_text(size = rel(1))) 
```


# Pilot study

* identification of light verb constructions (LVC) with *take* in English, and corresponding lemmas in German and Norwegian
  * in order to explore the limitations imposed by the small corpus sizes
  * using RKorapClient [@kupietz_rkorapclient_2020] to access the corpora and get reproducible results for the analyses


```{r take-icc-code, results='hide', echo=TRUE}
library(RKorAPClient)
new("KorAPConnection", 
    KorAPUrl = "https://korap.ids-mannheim.de/instance/icc/eng",
    accessToken = Sys.getenv("KORAP_ICC_TOKEN_eng")) %>%
collocationAnalysis(
    "focus({[ud/l=take]} [ud/p=NOUN])",
    leftContextSize = 0,
    rightContextSize = 1,
    minOccur = 2,
    addExamples = T )
```

```{r take-icc, fig.cap="R code for, and results of a co-occurrence analysis of *take* + NOUN in ICC-ENG, using the RKorAPClient package."}
take_ca_icc <-
  collocationAnalysis(
    icc_con("eng"),
    "focus({[ud/l=take]} [ud/p=NOUN])",
    leftContextSize = 0,
    rightContextSize = 1,
    minOccur = 2,
    addExamples = T
  )

take_ca_icc %>% show_table()
```

## Results

* for English the query for *take* + NOUN (as direct right neighbour) yields 10 different pairs with a minimum frequency of 2 (see  Figure \@ref(fig:take-icc))
  * based on English Wikipedia [2015 snapshot, see @MargarethaLuengen2014] the query yields 139 pairs (log-dice-threshold: 2.0) with 44 false positives
  * the true positive ratio of discovered take-LVCs between ICC and Wikipedia is 10:95
* for ICC German with DeReKo as background corpus, the ratio of discovered true LVCs with ›nehmen‹ (=take) is 10:89 
* in both cases, not much more than 10% of LVCs could be discovered

# Summary & Outlook

* we have made comparable corpora of 4+ languages available, readily usable for contrastive research
* however, even for fairly frequent phenomena, the results on the small corpora should be treated with caution
  * typically, they need to be verified on larger monolingual corpora
  * this also and especially concerns recall
* nevertheless ICC can serve as a useful basis for contrastive studies
  * with a uniform UI and API that facilitate query and analysis
* in addition, ICC also serves as a crystallisation point
  * for more ICC corpora and spoken parts to come
  * for larger corpora and complementary approaches, such as EuReCo

# References