diff --git a/pkg/config/config.go b/pkg/config/config.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a72ba9b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg/config/config.go
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+package config
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+
+	"github.com/KorAP/KoralPipe-TermMapper2/pkg/ast"
+	"github.com/KorAP/KoralPipe-TermMapper2/pkg/parser"
+	"gopkg.in/yaml.v3"
+)
+
+// MappingRule represents a single mapping rule in the configuration
+type MappingRule string
+
+// MappingList represents a list of mapping rules with metadata
+type MappingList struct {
+	ID       string        `yaml:"id"`
+	FoundryA string        `yaml:"foundryA,omitempty"`
+	LayerA   string        `yaml:"layerA,omitempty"`
+	FoundryB string        `yaml:"foundryB,omitempty"`
+	LayerB   string        `yaml:"layerB,omitempty"`
+	Mappings []MappingRule `yaml:"mappings"`
+}
+
+// Config represents the root configuration containing multiple mapping lists
+type Config struct {
+	Lists []MappingList
+}
+
+// LoadConfig loads a YAML configuration file and returns a Config object
+func LoadConfig(filename string) (*Config, error) {
+	data, err := os.ReadFile(filename)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to read config file: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	var lists []MappingList
+	if err := yaml.Unmarshal(data, &lists); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse YAML: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Validate the configuration
+	for i, list := range lists {
+		if list.ID == "" {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("mapping list at index %d is missing an ID", i)
+		}
+		if len(list.Mappings) == 0 {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("mapping list '%s' has no mapping rules", list.ID)
+		}
+
+		// Validate each mapping rule
+		for j, rule := range list.Mappings {
+			if rule == "" {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("mapping list '%s' rule at index %d is empty", list.ID, j)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return &Config{Lists: lists}, nil
+}
+
+// ParseMappings parses all mapping rules in a list and returns a slice of parsed rules
+func (list *MappingList) ParseMappings() ([]*parser.MappingResult, error) {
+	// Create a grammar parser with the list's default foundries and layers
+	grammarParser, err := parser.NewGrammarParser("", "")
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create grammar parser: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	results := make([]*parser.MappingResult, len(list.Mappings))
+	for i, rule := range list.Mappings {
+		// Parse the mapping rule
+		result, err := grammarParser.ParseMapping(string(rule))
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse mapping rule %d in list '%s': %w", i, list.ID, err)
+		}
+
+		// Apply default foundries and layers if not specified in the rule
+		if list.FoundryA != "" {
+			applyDefaultFoundryAndLayer(result.Upper.Wrap, list.FoundryA, list.LayerA)
+		}
+		if list.FoundryB != "" {
+			applyDefaultFoundryAndLayer(result.Lower.Wrap, list.FoundryB, list.LayerB)
+		}
+
+		results[i] = result
+	}
+
+	return results, nil
+}
+
+// applyDefaultFoundryAndLayer recursively applies default foundry and layer to terms that don't have them specified
+func applyDefaultFoundryAndLayer(node ast.Node, defaultFoundry, defaultLayer string) {
+	switch n := node.(type) {
+	case *ast.Term:
+		if n.Foundry == "" {
+			n.Foundry = defaultFoundry
+		}
+		if n.Layer == "" {
+			n.Layer = defaultLayer
+		}
+	case *ast.TermGroup:
+		for _, op := range n.Operands {
+			applyDefaultFoundryAndLayer(op, defaultFoundry, defaultLayer)
+		}
+	}
+}
diff --git a/pkg/config/config_test.go b/pkg/config/config_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f2699e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg/config/config_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,164 @@
+package config
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/KorAP/KoralPipe-TermMapper2/pkg/ast"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestLoadConfig(t *testing.T) {
+	// Create a temporary YAML file
+	content := `
+- id: opennlp-mapper
+  foundryA: opennlp
+  layerA: p
+  foundryB: upos
+  layerB: p
+  mappings:
+    - "[PIDAT] <> [opennlp/p=PIDAT & opennlp/p=AdjType:Pdt]"
+    - "[PAV] <> [ADV & PronType:Dem]"
+
+- id: simple-mapper
+  mappings:
+    - "[A] <> [B]"
+`
+	tmpfile, err := os.CreateTemp("", "config-*.yaml")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer os.Remove(tmpfile.Name())
+
+	_, err = tmpfile.WriteString(content)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	err = tmpfile.Close()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Test loading the configuration
+	config, err := LoadConfig(tmpfile.Name())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Verify the configuration
+	require.Len(t, config.Lists, 2)
+
+	// Check first mapping list
+	list1 := config.Lists[0]
+	assert.Equal(t, "opennlp-mapper", list1.ID)
+	assert.Equal(t, "opennlp", list1.FoundryA)
+	assert.Equal(t, "p", list1.LayerA)
+	assert.Equal(t, "upos", list1.FoundryB)
+	assert.Equal(t, "p", list1.LayerB)
+	require.Len(t, list1.Mappings, 2)
+	assert.Equal(t, "[PIDAT] <> [opennlp/p=PIDAT & opennlp/p=AdjType:Pdt]", string(list1.Mappings[0]))
+	assert.Equal(t, "[PAV] <> [ADV & PronType:Dem]", string(list1.Mappings[1]))
+
+	// Check second mapping list
+	list2 := config.Lists[1]
+	assert.Equal(t, "simple-mapper", list2.ID)
+	assert.Empty(t, list2.FoundryA)
+	assert.Empty(t, list2.LayerA)
+	assert.Empty(t, list2.FoundryB)
+	assert.Empty(t, list2.LayerB)
+	require.Len(t, list2.Mappings, 1)
+	assert.Equal(t, "[A] <> [B]", string(list2.Mappings[0]))
+}
+
+func TestParseMappings(t *testing.T) {
+	list := &MappingList{
+		ID:       "test-mapper",
+		FoundryA: "opennlp",
+		LayerA:   "p",
+		FoundryB: "upos",
+		LayerB:   "p",
+		Mappings: []MappingRule{
+			"[PIDAT] <> [opennlp/p=PIDAT & opennlp/p=AdjType:Pdt]",
+		},
+	}
+
+	results, err := list.ParseMappings()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, results, 1)
+
+	// Check the parsed upper pattern
+	upper := results[0].Upper
+	require.NotNil(t, upper)
+	require.IsType(t, &ast.Token{}, upper)
+	upperTerm := upper.Wrap.(*ast.Term)
+	assert.Equal(t, "opennlp", upperTerm.Foundry)
+	assert.Equal(t, "p", upperTerm.Layer)
+	assert.Equal(t, "PIDAT", upperTerm.Key)
+
+	// Check the parsed lower pattern
+	lower := results[0].Lower
+	require.NotNil(t, lower)
+	require.IsType(t, &ast.Token{}, lower)
+	lowerGroup := lower.Wrap.(*ast.TermGroup)
+	require.Len(t, lowerGroup.Operands, 2)
+	assert.Equal(t, ast.AndRelation, lowerGroup.Relation)
+
+	// Check first operand
+	term1 := lowerGroup.Operands[0].(*ast.Term)
+	assert.Equal(t, "opennlp", term1.Foundry)
+	assert.Equal(t, "p", term1.Layer)
+	assert.Equal(t, "PIDAT", term1.Key)
+
+	// Check second operand
+	term2 := lowerGroup.Operands[1].(*ast.Term)
+	assert.Equal(t, "opennlp", term2.Foundry)
+	assert.Equal(t, "p", term2.Layer)
+	assert.Equal(t, "AdjType", term2.Key)
+	assert.Equal(t, "Pdt", term2.Value)
+}
+
+func TestLoadConfigValidation(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name    string
+		content string
+		wantErr string
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "Missing ID",
+			content: `
+- foundryA: opennlp
+  mappings:
+    - "[A] <> [B]"
+`,
+			wantErr: "mapping list at index 0 is missing an ID",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Empty mappings",
+			content: `
+- id: test
+  foundryA: opennlp
+  mappings: []
+`,
+			wantErr: "mapping list 'test' has no mapping rules",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Empty rule",
+			content: `
+- id: test
+  mappings:
+    - ""
+`,
+			wantErr: "mapping list 'test' rule at index 0 is empty",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			tmpfile, err := os.CreateTemp("", "config-*.yaml")
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			defer os.Remove(tmpfile.Name())
+
+			_, err = tmpfile.WriteString(tt.content)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			err = tmpfile.Close()
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			_, err = LoadConfig(tmpfile.Name())
+			require.Error(t, err)
+			assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), tt.wantErr)
+		})
+	}
+}